Viva Examiner
Master Clinical Nephrology with Expert-Crafted Scenarios
Dive deep into real-world nephrology cases with interactive scenarios designed by leading experts. Perfect your clinical reasoning and diagnostic skills to excel in consultant exams like SCFHS.
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Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC): Treatment and Role of Steroids
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC) is a life-threatening complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), classically presenting wi...
Hypokalemia with Metabolic Acidosis
Hypokalemia with metabolic acidosis is a challenging clinical scenario that requires a systematic approach to uncover th...
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PD Poor Drainage / Catheter Malfunction
"Instilled 2L, drained only 1L" is the classic PD stem — the examiner wants a stepwise mechanical-then-membrane approach...
IgA Nephropathy
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the commonest primary GN worldwide and a favourite viva case for hematuria +/- proteinuria in...
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a functional AKI in a patient with cirrhosis and ascites, a diagnosis of exclusion made wh...
Hemodiafiltration (HDF) — CONVINCE
Hemodiafiltration (HDF) combines diffusion (as in standard HD) with high-volume convection using replacement fluid, givi...
PD Catheter Exit-Site / Friable Bleeding Mass
A friable, bleeding mass at the PD catheter exit site is a recurring, deliberately open-ended viva question — the examin...
Membranous Nephropathy / anti-PLA2R
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the commonest exam cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. The examiner wants: a workup of nep...
Intradialytic Hypertension (IDHTN)
Intradialytic hypertension is a paradoxical rise in blood pressure during or immediately after hemodialysis, and unlike...
Hematuria / Proteinuria Approach (and Renal Mass)
Hematuria and proteinuria are the commonest presenting-complaint viva stems. The examiner wants a confirm-then-localize...
Filtration Fraction / Filter Clotting
Filtration fraction (FF) is the fraction of plasma flow removed as ultrafiltrate during CRRT: FF = UF rate / plasma flow...
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS)
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but feared late complication of long-term PD in which a thick fibroco...
RPGN / Crescentic GN (ANCA, Anti-GBM, Immune-Complex)
RPGN is defined by rapid loss of kidney function over days to weeks with crescents on biopsy. The examiner's ladder is:...
Dialysis Water Treatment System
The dialysis water treatment system is a recurring 'systems' question — the examiner wants the components in order (sedi...